林地薇甘菊防治对策的研究

通过大量的调查分析研究和生产实践总结,初步系统提出薇甘菊的科学预防和治理的基本思路、技术线路、控制体系、防治措施及其森林培育技术。     

The screening toolbox of bioactive substances from natural products: a review

Hunting lead compounds from natural products plays a vital role in finding successful drug candidates. The efficiency of screening campaigns is mainly determined by the validity of selected screening models. To screen desired lead compounds, researchers have developed a plethora of experimental screening models. However, the considerable diversity of screening models from animal models, tissue models, to cell models and so on, may cause some trouble in choosing the suitable one. This review provides a toolbox of experimental screening models that have been used to discover new drug candidates from natural products. Two screening indexes are designed for different research directions in this screening toolbox. Index I is proposed from the direction of screening different objective substance populations, including plant extracts, active fractions and pure compounds; index Π is according to screening different drug properties, including pharmacological properties, pharmacokinetic properties and affinity binding properties. We hope that the abbreviated bibliographies will help readers to quickly retrieve useful information by two screening indexes and provide certain reference value for choosing more appropriate screening models. Finally, we discuss ways of improving model systems, as well as future directions.     

安徽省山核桃产业发展现状、存在问题及对策

概述了安徽省山核桃产业发展现状、生产经营中存在的问题与不足,并对安徽省山核桃产业发展提出了以科技为依托,市场为导向,加快标准园建设、品牌建设,培育龙头企业,推进山核桃产业健康持续发展的对策与建议。     

德宏州大娘山地区森林植被类型及多样性研究

依据对铜壁关自然保护区大娘山地区进行线路调查及典型样地调查的基础上,将大娘山地区的植被类型划分为以下9个群系：薄片青冈林、多变石栎林—瘤足蕨林、多变石栎—云南铁杉林、多变石栎—玉山竹林、多变石栎—箭竹林、毛脉青冈林、粗枝杜鹃—粗毛箭竹矮林、革叶杜鹃—银灰杜鹃—粗毛箭竹灌丛、花楸灌丛、藨草草甸、玉龙薹草—粉竹草甸、香箐草甸。并从不同类型、层次的丰富度、均匀度和物种多样性指数等方面对大娘山地区植物群落多样性进行了分析。     

枣树蒸腾速率变化与气象因子的关系

为了提高水分利用率,以7年生壶瓶枣为材料,利用热扩散式茎流仪,结合对土壤和气象因子的同步检测,动态地研究枣树单木整株的蒸腾耗水规律.结果表明,枣树蒸腾速率的日变化呈单峰曲线,13:00达到最大值,夜间枣树树干也有微弱的茎流,其大小在0～18.64 g/(株·h).枣树在晴天、多云天、阴雨天的平均蒸腾速率分别为436.4...     

四倍体及二倍体毛泡桐截干再生特性研究

为掌握人工诱导四倍体毛泡桐保持多倍体特性情况及毛泡桐截干再生特性,笔者以5a生四倍体及二倍体毛泡桐截干再生苗为材料,对截干再生苗的倍性、出芽数、生长速率、叶片特性、叶绿素含量及光合特性等进行研究.结果表明:四倍体毛泡桐截干再生苗能很好地保持其多倍体倍性,相对于二倍体来说,出芽数较少,生长较缓慢;气孔增大,气孔密度降低;...     

观赏棕榈银海枣的研究进展

银海枣树形独特,景观效果佳,是值得推广的优良城市园林绿化树种.文章综述了银海枣的引种、耐寒机理研究、栽培技术、病虫害防治以及园林绿化应用研究进展,对其研究应用前景作了展望,并对生产应用存在的问题提出了相关建议.     

广东西江烂柯山自然保护区现状及发展对策

文章分析了广东西江烂柯山省级自然保护区的建设现状及其存在的主要问题,并提出解决问题的相应对策和措施。     

Analysis of anthocyanins in rat intestinal contents--impact of anthocyanin chemical structure on fecal excretion

Absorption of dietary anthocyanins is limited; however, fecal anthocyanin excretion has been rarely studied. We developed a method for extraction and analysis of fecal anthocyanins. Aqueous methanol (60%) maximized extraction efficiency (approximately 88%). Severe anthocyanin degradation (monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography) was observed in feces stored at -18 degrees C; therefore, storage time should be minimized and lower temperatures used. Fecal and cecal content samples were collected from 32 rats receiving either chokeberry, bilberry, grape-enriched (3.85 g monomeric anthocyanin per kg diet), or control diet for 14 weeks. Fecal anthocyanin concentrations were significantly different among groups (0.7/1.8/2.0 g/kg wet feces, chokeberry/bilberry/grape). Anthocyanin profiles of cecal contents and feces were similar. Losses in the intestinal contents were high for anthocyanin glucosides, moderate for galactosides, and negligible for arabinosides or xylosides. Acylation or diglucosylation enhanced anthocyanin stability. High anthocyanin concentration in the fecal content may favor anthocyanin absorption into the colon epithelial cells, resulting in potential health benefits.     

不同固体微生物菌剂对砒砂岩土壤性质和紫花苜蓿生长的影响

为研制改良砒砂岩土壤、强化植物生长的微生物菌剂,该研究以嗜盐芽孢杆菌Bacillus halotolerans P75、苜蓿中华根瘤菌Sinorhizobium meliloti D10、巨大芽孢杆菌Bacillus megaterium H3和枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis HB01为原料,利用生物基材吸附混合,制备4种单一固体微生物菌剂和多种复合固体微生物菌剂。通过分析pH值、有机质含量、有效氮磷钾含量、酶活性和细菌数量等指标来研究添加微生物菌剂对砒砂岩土壤性质和紫花苜蓿幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,与不添加微生物菌剂的对照组相比,微生物菌剂能够使砒砂岩土壤pH值降到中性附近,促使土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量显著增加,提高了土壤蔗糖酶和脲酶活性,增加了土壤细菌数量,同时促进了紫花苜蓿幼苗生长,其中以含菌株P75、D10和H3以及含菌株P75、D10、H3和HB01的复合菌剂的效果最佳。该试验研究可以为微生物菌剂在砒砂岩区土壤改良和植被恢复方面的应用提供试验基础和参考。